This is a dog only pattern. Ticking in cats refers to a tabby pattern, and roaning does not exist at all in cats.
Ticking is small spots of colour on a white base. The colour is the same as the underlying pattern, meaning that for instance a black-and-tan coloured dog would have black ticking on the body, and tan ticking on the legs. Ticking in brindle dogs will also be brindle - textures are used to achieve this.

Ticking

Ticking is always small spots, not patches. It may range from light to heavy. It can be achieved with either paintballs or textures.
Light ticking is a few spots here and there, that does not disrupt the overall look of the white.
Heavy ticking is when the dog has lots of little spots all over, and the coat may appear to have more colour than white.
Medium ticking is something inbetween the two.
Ticking can appear on any amount of white, from trim to solid white - what is allowed in a particular breed will be mentioned in the standard. Some breeds allow only a certain range of ticking (e.g. "light ticking is allowed"). If it does not say anything but simply "ticking", it means any range is allowed.

Ticking appears to often be more intense on the feet and muzzle, and less intense on the tail. This means that if the dog has light ticking, most of the ticking will probably be on the legs/muzzle, with no or little ticking on the body. If the dog has a lot of ticking, it may appear extra heavy on these areas, while the tail can have considerably less ticking or even be white. When a dog has heavy ticking, the toes and/or front of muzzle may be solid-coloured.

Please note that even though ticked and roaned areas are a mix of a colour and white, ticked and roaned areas still are white. For example, if a breed standard states that a dog is not allowed any more than 80% white, this 80% includes the ticked/roaned areas. The area covered by ticking/roaning counts as white and white only, and that counts towards that 80%

Roaning

Roaning can most easily be described as heavy ticking all over the dog. A dog is always roan or non-roan - it can't be roan in some places and solid white in others. The only exceptions are a small white headspot which is allowed, and the tail which may have less or no roaning on it.
There is no definite border between what goes as heavy ticking and what is roaning - the two tend to float a bit into each other.
Roaned dogs may have solid-coloured toes and/or front of muzzle.

Examples

Light Ticking

A solid black dog with tan in the 'traditional' pattern and white markings in the irish spotting pattern, with light ticking present on the white	A solid black dog with tan in the 'traditional' pattern and white markings in the irish spotting pattern, with light ticking present on the white

Medium Ticking

A chocolate sable dog with shading in the clear pattern, urajiro markings and white markings in the irish spotting pattern, with medium ticking present on the white	A solid liver dog with tan in the 'traditional' pattern, white markings in the piebald pattern, with medium ticking present on the white	A solid black dog with tan in the 'traditional' pattern and white markings in the irish spotting pattern, with ticking present on the white
A black brindle dog with medium striping, white markings in the irish spotting pattern and medium ticking on the white. The brindle pattern is present on the ticking spots - brindle ticking textures are used to achieve this	A solid red dog with white markings in the extreme white pattern, and medium ticking on the white. This could also be classed as heavy ticking

Heavy Ticking

A solid black dog with tan in the 'traditional' pattern, white markings in the extreme white pattern, and heavy ticking present on the white	A solid cream dog with white markings in the extreme white pattern and heavy ticking present on the white	A solid black dog with white markings in the extreme white pattern and heavy ticking present on the white
A solid liver dog with white in the extreme white pattern and heavy ticking present on the white. This could also be classed as a light roan	An isabella sable dog with shading in the classic pattern, white markings in the blanket pattern and heavy ticking present on the white. Note that this is not an a-reg accepted pattern in dalmatians

Roan

A solid black dog with tan in the creeping pattern, white markings in the extreme white pattern and roaning present on the white. This is an example of where the roaning is so heavy that the legs are solid-coloured, and where the coat shows more colour than white. Most breeds don't allow quite this much solid colour on the legs, though - check the breed standard first to make sure	A solid black dog with tan in the 'traditional' pattern, white markings in the extreme white pattern and roaning present on the white	A solid blue dog with tan in the 'traditional' pattern, white markings in the extreme white pattern, and roaning present on the white. Note that this is not an a-reg accepted pattern in dalmatians

Texture examples

Below are some examples of textures that can be used to achieve a ticking or roaning look. They have been categorised into 'light', 'medium', 'heavy' and 'roaning' - however there is often overlap between these categories and this table is only guidance rather than gospel. Roaning textures, however, often are not suitable to represent ticking, and vice versa. Brindle ticking examples have also been included, and these are only accepted in brindle dogs.

Light Ticking	Medium Ticking	Heavy Ticking	Roaning